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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Propodeum</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Propodeum</b> (aus <a href="Altgriechische_Sprache" title="Altgriechische Sprache">altgr.</a> <i>πρό</i> ‚vor‘ und <i>πόδιον</i> ‚Fuß‘, ) bezeichnet bei <a href="Hautfl%C3%BCgler" title="Hautflügler">Hautflüglern</a> mit Wespentaille das erste <a href="Segmentierung_(Biologie)" title="Segmentierung (Biologie)">Segment</a> des Hinterleibs (<a href="Abdomen_(Gliederf%C3%BC%C3%9Fer)" title="Abdomen (Gliederfüßer)">Abdomen</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Dade_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dade-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Einheit aus Propodeum und <a href="Thorax_(Gliederf%C3%BC%C3%9Fer)" title="Thorax (Gliederfüßer)">Thorax</a> bildet das <a href="Mesosoma" title="Mesosoma">Mesosoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es weist kein <a href="Sternum_(Gliederf%C3%BC%C3%9Fer)" title="Sternum (Gliederfüßer)">Sternum</a> auf und ist fest mit dem <a href="Metanotum" class="mw-redirect" title="Metanotum">Metanotum</a> verwachsen.
Dieses Segment verjüngt sich nach hinten und gibt der Wespentaille der Hautflügler ihre typische Form, gemeinsam mit dem nur manchmal vorhandenen Stielchenglied (<a href="Petiolus" title="Petiolus">Petiolus</a>).
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelbelege">Einzelbelege</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Dade-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dade_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry A. Dade: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=_JEaMktVWEMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA15&dq=Propodeum+anatomy&ots=MxrqlAwJ8U&sig=is2Ba62TicG9N8ZmXOj10zPruss">Anatomy and dissection of the honeybee.</a></i> IBRA, 1994, S. 25.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hajimu Takada: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/9756">Aphidiidae of Japan (Hymenoptera).</a></i> In: <i>Insecta Matsumurana.</i> Band 30, Nr. 2, 1968, S. 67–124.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vittorio Delucchi: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1956.tb01599.x/abstract">Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pteromaliden (Hym., Chalcidoidea).</a></i> In: <i>Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie.</i> Band 38, Nr. 2, 1956, S. 121–156.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolter Hellén: <i>Die Mymariden Finnlands (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea).</i> <a href="Societas_pro_Fauna_et_Flora_Fennica" title="Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica">Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica</a>, 1974, <span class="-print" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">DNB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/740427326">740427326</a></span>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lars Vilhelmsen, Istvan Miko, Lars Krogmann: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00576.x/full">Beyond the wasp‐waist: structural diversity and phylogenetic significance of the mesosoma in apocritan wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera).</a></i> In: <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</i> Band 159, Nr. 1, 2010, S. 22–194, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00576.x" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00576.x">doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00576.x</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Malkiat S. Saini, Surjit S. Dhillon: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3494624">Metapleural transformations with respect to propodeum and metapostnotum in Hymenoptera.</a></i> In: <i>Florida Entomologist.</i> 1980, S. 286–292.</span>
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